Per Abdomen Examination

Per Abdomen Examination

Inspection

Umbilicus

  • Position - can be upward or downward due to ascites, pregnancy, mass
  • Inverted/Everted
  • Shape
  • Swelling
  • Discolouration
  • Distance between xiphisternal and umbilicus
  • Distance between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Palpation

Percussion

False negative shifting dullness seen in
  • Tense fluid - fluid is unable to move freely
  • Loculation of fluid

Auscultation

Bowel sound
Hepatic bruit
Splenic bruit
Renal bruit
Venous hump 

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